POLI 100C POLITICAL PARTIES
17 April 2007

3. The Historical Context of Federalist # 10
   
   
   3. The Economic Grievances that led to the War for Independence
      
      
      1. The Cost of the French-Indian War 1753-1763
         
         
      2. British Payment of Defense Costs of Colonies Led to Attempts to Tax
         
         
      3. The Navigation Acts and Enumerated Articles
         
         
         • Basically, this was Trade Protectionism
           
           
         • The Navigation Acts set up a Common Market so Colonial Ships were English but were restricted in who they could trade with
           
           
         • Enumerated Articles -- Tobacco, Sugar, Cotton, Indigo, Rice, Naval Stores (and more) -- had to be exported to England or another English Colony
           
           
   4. The Political Grievances that led to the War for Independence
      
      
      1. The Economic Burden of Taxation by Britain (especially after 1760)
         
         
      2. Winners and Losers From the Navigation Acts (British Goods Far More Competitive)
         
         
      3. Various Acts of Parliament 1763 - 1774 that Negated Fundamental Rights of the Colonists
         
         
         • The Enforcement Provisions of the 1764 Sugar Act and the 1765 Stamp Act negated the right to a Trial by Jury
           
           
         • The 1774 Intolerable Acts essentially shut down Representative Government in Massachusetts
           
           
   5. The Interaction Between the Economic and Political Grievances
      
      
      • The Violation of Various Fundamental Rights of the Colonists gave the "Revolutionary Cadre" compelling Arguments they could use to move People already aggrieved by the economic issues to take part in a revolt.
        
        
4. Federalist #10
   
   
   1. Madison's Argument for the Constitution
      
      
   2. Problems With Madison's Argument
      
      
   3. Madison's view of Political Parties
      
      
   4. Madison's Key Insights into the Nature of Politics
      
      
      1. Madison's view of Parties (factions): They exist and they must be dealt with. They are the price we pay for liberty.
         
         
      2. People hold Opinions with Passion -- "the former will be
         the objects to which the latter will attach themselves."
         
         
      3. The various and unequal distributions of property (broadly defined) divides the citizenry into classes and these form the bases of politics.
         
         The Founders (Jefferson, Washington, Monroe, Adams, Madison, etc.) all believed this. To them Liberty meant:
         
         
         • Freedom of Speech
           
           
         • Freedom of Association
           
           
         • Private Property Rights in Land
           
           
         • Government Protection of Private Property Rights in General
           
           
         • and all the Rights Listed in the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution